Potential Use of Jerangau Rhizome (Acorus calamus L.) as an Antibacterial Agent for Streptococcus pneumoniae
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57125/FEM.2024.09.30.01Keywords:
Activity herbal, antipneumonia, bacterial growth, MIC/MKCAbstract
Pneumonia, an infectious disease affecting lung tissue, is primarily caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common bacterium responsible for pneumonia, residing in the upper respiratory tract and infecting many individuals globally. Traditional remedies for lung inflammation include various plants, among which Acorus calamus (L.), known for its respiratory benefits, has been used across cultures. The rhizome of Acorus calamus contains asarone compounds, which have antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties, aiding in respiratory relief.
Aims: The objective of this study is to provide scientific validation of the antibacterial potential of a jerangau rhizome extract against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Previous empirical uses and studies have demonstrated promising results, which this study aims to replicate.
Study design: The experimental use of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) bacteria and jerangau (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome extract (JRE).
Place Study: Pharmacy Department, Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar, Indonesia.
Methodology: Antibacterial activity was assessed using liquid dilution and agar diffusion methods. The study utilized Streptococcus pneumoniae cultures obtained from clinical isolates. Jerangau rhizome simplicia was prepared, dried, and macerated using hexane, ethanol, and ethyl acetate solvents. The antibacterial activity was tested using the agar diffusion method with Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media and the liquid dilution method to determine MIC and MKC values. Observations were made after 24 and 48 hours of incubation to measure the inhibition zones and turbidity levels, respectively, to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of the extracts. Data were analyzed using SPSS for significant differences in antibacterial activity between various concentrations of extracts and controls.
Results: The antibacterial activity of JRE against SP was determined to be effective at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, and 8% w/v. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum kill concentration (MKC) were found to be 0.5% and 1% in HJ, >2.5% at EJ, and 0.25% and 0.5% at EAJ.
Conclusion: JRE has demonstrated antibacterial properties against SP in vitro.
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